Synthetically produced Sapphire. Single crystal Sapphire has a high thermal conductivity, volume resistivity, hardness and wear resistance, as well as a high upper use temperature. The energy band gap is large (10eV). Sapphire is a transparent material having useful transmission of wavelengths in the range 0.2 to 5.5 microns. It is much stronger than glass and can be used as viewing windows in high pressure and vacuum applications.
Chemical Resistance
Acids - concentrated Good
Acids - dilute Good
Alkalis Good
Halogens Good
Metals Good
Electrical Properties
Dielectric constant 7.5-11.5
Dielectric strength ( kV mm-1 ) 15-50
Volume resistivity @25C ( Ohmcm ) >1014
Mechanical Properties
Compressive strength ( MPa ) 2100
Hardness - Knoop ( kgf mm-2 ) 2000
Hardness - Vickers ( kgf mm-2 ) 1600-1800
Tensile modulus ( GPa ) 350-390
Physical Properties
Apparent porosity ( % ) 0
Density ( g cm-3 ) 3.985
Refractive index 1.71-1.79
Useful optical transmission range 200-5500nm
Water absorption - saturation ( % ) 0
Thermal Properties
Coefficient of thermal expansion @20-1000C ( x10-6 K-1 ) 5.8
Melting point ( C ) 2050
Specific heat @25C ( J K-1 kg-1 ) 750
Thermal conductivity @20C ( W m-1 K-1 ) 35-40
Upper continuous use temperature ( C ) 1800-1950
Properties for Sapphire Monofilament
Property Value
Filament diameter 0.11mm
Density g cm-3 3.97
Melting point C 2050
Orientation <0001>
Tensile modulus GPa 410
Tensile strength GPa 2.1-3.4
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